Computer Virus Essay Example for Free

Computer Virus Essay The emergence of technological innovations such as the advent of computer and computer programs, also paved way for the birth of certain viruses that can disrupt software programs. These viruses infect a program and allow it to spread from one computer to the others (â€Å"Viruses†). As it transfers from one computer to another, it leaves complications or ailments that like human viruses, has varying degrees of severity. Some are merely designed to annoy the computer user while others can destroy the entire computer hardware (Beal). Viruses may be categorized as a worm, Trojan or just a virus. A worm is quite similar to a virus, but unlike a virus that needs human intervention in order for it to spread, worms can spread on its own. It has the capacity to replicate itself and travel from one hardware to another through the transport features of the computer’s system. Because of its replicating capacity it poses harm as it can slow down the computer the moment it becomes multitude (Beal). A Trojan on the other hand does not replicate as viruses and worms do. They appear at first as some legitimate program or file but the moment it is ran in the computer it can create various damage. Sometimes they are made to annoy while other can seriously destroy the computer by deleting files or programs. It can also create backdoors that can give other users access to the system that may give away personal or confidential information (Beal). Most of the time, these malicious programs spread with human intervention. When viruses cling onto a file and was run in the computer, it automatically spreads in the system of that computer.Trojans spread in the same way, while worms replicate itself in the system, to another system and to another. Works Cited Beal, Vangie. 2007. The Difference Between a Computer Virus, Worm and Trojan Horse. Webopedia. 11 November, 2008 http://www. webopedia. com/DidYouKnow/Internet/2004/virus. asp. Brain, Marshall. n. d. How Computer Viruses Work. HowStuffWorks. 11 November 2008 http://computer. howstuffworks. com/virus2. htm. Viruses. n. d. Kasperskylab. 11 November 2008 http://www. kaspersky. com/virusinfo.

Sony vs Connectix :: Argumentative Persuasive Software Essays

Sony vs Connectix Introduction Reverse engineering has become a controversial topic in the software industry. In 1999, Sony filed a suit against Connectix alleging copyright infringement concerning a Macintosh emulator of the Sony Playstation known as the Virtual Game Station. This emulator allows Macintosh users to play Playstation games without a Sony Playstation. A federal judge ruled in favor of Sony, and issued an order that Connectix halt its sales of the emulator. The next year Connectix appealed the ruling, and the Federal Court of Appeals reversed the original ruling. Video game business in the United States alone is a billion dollar industry and legal decisions such as this one have huge ramifications not just for the game industry, but for the entire software industry as well. In order to determine the right decision, one has to examine different ethical perspectives ranging from determining what action results in the most happiness of the stakeholders involved to what inherent rights each individual stakeholder is entitled to. Background Sony is the creator of the Sony Playstation. Video game console manufacturers generally use the console as a loss leader and hope to profit on their gaming platforms by selling licenses to produce games to software manufacturing companies. Thus, Sony created a barrier of entry in console manufacturing because other hardware manufacturers would have to be willing to lose money per hardware unit sold in order to compete with Sony. Also, such a manufacturer wouldn’t receive the software game revenues that Sony receives, which gave Sony what seemed to be a monopoly on the Playstation platform. The Sony Playstation consists of hardware components and software components. The software component is the Sony BIOS, which is resides in read-only memory. Sony holds a copyright on the BIOS.1 The Connectix Virtual Game Station emulates the functionality of the Sony Playstation. A consumer could purchase a Playstation game, load it into his Macintosh CD-drive, and play the game using the Virtual Game Station. Connectix created the emulator by purchasing a Playstation, copying the contents of the BIOS into the memory of a Macintosh, and observing the input into the BIOS and the output of the hardware.

Annotated Bibliography Essay

In hospitals, especially emergency rooms and intensive care units, nurses encounter many critically ill patients. â€Å"One-fifth of the patients cared for by critical care nurses die in the intensive care unit† (Browning, 144), when these patients are nearing the end of their lives there are many decisions that need to be made by the patient if they are able and their family. Healthcare workers are put under tremendous amounts of stress in these situations, especially when they disagree with what the current code status of their patient. According to Rosenburg, the â€Å"current ethical codes provide guidance for supporting autonomy and for information sharing among clinicians, patients, and their family members† (83). This means that the patients and their families should be fully informed on all aspects of the care they are currently receiving and what measures and to what extent these measures would be taken to save them if they were to quit breathing or if their he art was to stop. Most of the time patients and families do not understand the interventions used in these situations, they think what they see on television is an accurate representation; however when they are educated they are able to make the right decision for themselves. Santiago describes the dilemma that occurs when healthcare workers and those that are making decisions for the patient â€Å"disagree over the benefit and value of the continuation of â€Å"aggressive† medical interventions† (27). When they feel as if they are unable to appropriately advocate for their highest risk patients, â€Å"clinicians may experience tremendous anguish and torment, which can lead to compassion fatigue and moral distress† (27). It is easy for us as nurses to take this distress that Santiago describes home with us and this can cause distress in our personal lives. Ideally the patient will have their wishes known about their code status and end of life care before they are in a situation w here they are unable to voice their opinions. Some doctors may give narcotic pain medications or other medications to keep patients comfortable in their last hours. â€Å"Although the APA neither endorses nor opposes assisted suicide, they encourage psychologists to take active roles in both clinical practice and research involving end-of-life issues and in providing competent, culturally sensitive care to the dying and their families† (Rosenburg, 80). Dilemmas of this nature may be handled in many different ways; some may go before the ethics committee if a decision cannot be reached or if the nurse and the doctors do not agree on the course of action. The purpose of the ethics committee is â€Å"case discussion and consultation, policy review and development, and other appropriate interventions, and focuses on considerate and respectful decision-making that accords with fundamental precepts of health care ethics and human rights† (UNC Health Care, 2013). The committee may meet at the request of the family or employee, many by an anonymous telephone call. Technology has brought healthcare to new higher standards than it has been held to in the past. This improvement has â€Å"brought with it the promise of more efficient treatment techniques, extending life inappropriately and futile prolonging of patients’ suffering have become commonplace for critical care nurses caring for dying patients† (Browning. 144). Seeing these patients sustained longer than the nurse feels is ethically responsible may cause a large amount of turmoil in his or her personal life, the profession of nursing is one that requires much of you. Nurses are there for their patients in ways that sometimes the families are unable. The patient’s right to choose is a major player in the ethical debate about end of life care. According to Rosenburg the patient has the right to accept or decline any or all treatment, also Rosenburg says that â€Å"in addition to upholding patient’s dignity and relieving suffering, (clinicians) join their health care colleagues in ensuring that patients receive support for their autonomous decision making throughout care, and particularly in the context of their death† (78). The patient or family may choose no intubation, no Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) or may decide to sign an order of Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) as their nurse we should provide education and answer any questions they may have. â€Å"Moral distress occurs when nurses are unable to perform according to what they believe to be ethically correct† (Browning, 144). Often times as the patient’s advocate the nurse feels that he or she may know what’s best or what the patient would want. By being at the bedside of many patients’ in similar situations nurses see what th e patients are put through during life sustaining acts. Sometimes these acts are more traumatic than the illness that brought the patient into the hospital; many times in the emergency room this writer has heard nurses say, things like â€Å"we’re not doing them any favors.† This saying is normally when uttered when CPR is in progress or has brought back a patient that has a poor prognosis. Ethics is something that we encounter on a daily basis in much of our decision making especially with these critical patients, even outside the hospital in everyday lives ethics are in play. When it comes to decision about end of life care, it is best for the patient to make their own decisions but if that is not possible the family needs to be educated about all aspects of the processes and in terms that they are able to understand. End of life care is a very sensitive subject that should be approached with honesty while providing the patient with the utmost dignity. References Browning, A. M. (2013). MORAL DISTRESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT IN CRITICAL CARE NURSES CARING FOR ADULTS AT END OF LIFE. American Journal Of Critical Care, 22(2), 143-152. Rosenberg, T., & Speice, J. (2013). Integrating care when the end is near: Ethical dilemmas in end-of-life care. Families, Systems & Health: The Journal Of Collaborative Family Healthcare, 31(1), 75-83. doi:10.1037/a0031850 Santiago, C., & Abdool, S. (2011). Conversations about challenging end-of-life cases: ethics debriefing in the medical surgical intensive care unit. Dynamics, 22(4), 26-30. UNC Health Care. (n.d.). UNC Health Care. Retrieved June 23, 2013, from http://www.unchealthcare.org

Caribbean Pleasure Industry And Big Pharma, Women And The...

Upon first glance, it may be difficult to see any correlation between Caribbean Pleasure Industry and Big Pharma, Women and the Labour of Love; after all, the main subjects within each of the respected woks are vastly different in nearly every possible way. On one hand, we have the exploitation of men within the Dominican, using their bodies and communication skills to profit off Caucasian tourists and on the other, we inspect the affiliation between women, pharmaceutical companies, the culture of medicine, and the impacts this has on women and their relationships. In spite of this, by using the perceptions studied and taught by Weeks, we can break down the compositions in place and assign individual aspects within forms of power and social constructions of sexuality. Through this method, we can also determine who, if anyone, has agency within their situations, or if their free will is influenced or directed by outside forces. What I found to be particularly interesting in terms of Weeks’ composition of sexuality, is how family systems and kinships seem to be the foundation of which we construct sexuality as a whole. Traditional families and kinships - families not bound by blood - are living amongst each other, largely in amity. Despite this, the importance of the patterns that we see within these relationships, such as single parenthood, age of marriages, and opinions on non-procreative or non-heteronormative sex, are enhanced through kinships and family ties.Show MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 Pageson this book: Paul Ducham, Editorial Director; Laura Spell, Managing Developmental Editor; Jane Beck, Editorial Coordinator; Jaime Halteman, Marketing Manager; and Erin Melloy, Project Manager. Last but by no means least, we greatly appreciate the love and support provided by our families. Fred Luthans and Jonathan P. Doh LUTHANS The eighth edition of International Management: Culture, Strategy, and Behavior is still setting the standard. Current authors Fred Luthans and Jonathan P. Doh have